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Old City or Inner City ((アゼルバイジャン語:İçəri Şəhər)) is the historical core of Baku. In December 2000, the Old City of Baku, including the Palace of the Shirvanshahs and Maiden Tower, became the first location in Azerbaijan to be classified as a World Heritage Site by UNESCO. == History == It is widely accepted that the Old City, including its Maiden Tower, date at least to the 12th century, with some researchers contending that construction dates as far back as the 7th century. The question has not been completely settled.〔(Mir Teymur. ''Ichari Shahar - The Heart of Baku: A Living Monument from the Middle Ages.'' Azerbaijan International, Summer 2000 )〕 During this medieval period of Baku, such monuments as the Synyg Gala Minaret (11th century), the fortress walls and towers (11th–12th centuries), the Maiden Tower, the Multani Caravanserai and Hajji Gayyib bathhouse (15th century), the Palace of the Shirvanshahs (15th-16th centuries), the Bukhara Caravanserai and Gasimbey bathhouse (16th century) were built. In 1806, when Baku was occupied by the Russian Empire during the Russo-Persian War (1804-1813),〔 Timothy C. Dowling (''Russia at War: From the Mongol Conquest to Afghanistan, Chechnya, and Beyond'' ) pp 728 ABC-CLIO, 2 dec. 2014 ISBN 1598849484〕 there were 500 households and 707 shops, and a population of 7,000 in the Old City (then the only neighbourhood of Baku) whom were almost all ethnic Tats.〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=Ethnic Groups of North, East, and Central Asia: An Encyclopedia )〕 Between 1807-1811, the city walls were repaired and the fortifications extended. The city had two gates: the Salyan Gates and the Shemakha Gates. The city was protected by dozens of cannons set on the walls. The port was re-opened for trade, and in 1809 a customs office was established.〔Фатуллаев, Шамиль. Градостроительство Баку XIX - Начала XX Веков. Баку, Институт архитектуры и искусства Академии наук АзССР, 1978〕 It was during this period that Baku started to extend beyond the city walls, and new neighbourhoods emerged. Thus the terms Inner City ((アゼルバイジャン語:İçəri Şəhər)) and Outer City ((アゼルバイジャン語:Bayır Şəhər)) came into use. Referring to the early Russian rule, Bakuvian actor Huseyngulu Sarabski wrote in his memoirs:〔Sarabski, Hüseynqulu. Köhnə Bakı. Bakı, 1958〕 With the arrival of Russians the traditional architectural look of the Old City changed. Many European buildings were constructed during the 19th century and early 20th century, using styles such as Baroque and Gothic. In 1865, a part of the city walls overlooking the sea was demolished, and the stones were sold and used in the building of the Outer city. The money obtained from this sale (44 000 rubles) went into the construction of the Baku Boulevard. In 1867, the first fountains of Baku appeared in the Boulevard. In this period two more gates were opened, one of them being famous Taghiyev Gate (1877). The opening of new gates and passes continued well into the Soviet period. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Old City (Baku)」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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